Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related hematological
disorders have different pathogenic mechanisms involving immune dysregulation as
well as microangiopathy. The current study aimed to assess the relationship
between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and SLE-related hematological
abnormalities for Saudi Patients. Methods: The current cross-sectional
study including 140 participants was performed at the Prince Mohammad bin
Abdulaziz Hospital (PMAH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Two blood samples were collected
from each of the study participants for evaluation of the haematological indices
including complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and
cytokine profile (i.e., tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-),
interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10)). Statistical analyses were
performed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software, v25.
Results: Haematological abnormalities were documented in 63% of SLE
patients, and anaemia was the highest at 52%. Haemoglobin levels were found to
be significantly lower among SLE patients compared to the controls (p 0.001). In the cytokine profiles, the levels of TNF- (p 0.001), IL-6 (p 0.001), and IL-10 (p = 0.009) were
significantly higher among SLE patients compared to the controls. A positive
correlation was also identified between TNF-, platelet count, red cell
distribution width (RDW), and ESR. Conclusions: Haematological
abnormalities were found to be the most common among SLE patients. Further, the
correlation between cytokine profile and haematological indices indicates the
influence of cytokines in the development of haematological abnormalities.
Understanding hematological abnormalities and cytokines’ role in the pathogenesis
of these abnormalities may aid in the early diagnosis and development of more
specific SLE disease therapies.