Background: High temperature and drought environments are important limiting factors for Pinellia ternata growth, whereas shading can promote growth by relieving these stresses. However, the mechanism of growth promotion by shading in P. ternata is unknown. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the plant’s growth and environmental response, but few analyses of lncRNAs in P. ternata have been reported. Methods: We performed lncRNAs analysis of P. ternata in response to shading using RNA-seq data from our previous studies. A total of 13,927 lncRNAs were identified, and 145 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were obtained from the comparisons of 5 days shade (D5S) vs. 5 days of natural light (D5CK), 20 days of shade (D20S) vs. 20 days of natural light (D20CK), D20S vs. D5S, and D20CK vs. D5CK. Of these, 119 DELs (82.07%) were generated from the D20S vs. D20CK comparison. Results: Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the reactive oxygen (ROS) metabolism and programmed cell death (PCD) processes might regulate shade-induced growth promotion. The “signal transduction” and “environmental adaptation” in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used for lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network construction and showed that the lncRNAs might mediate P. ternata growth by regulating ROS accumulation and light signals. Conclusions: This study explores lncRNAs’ functions and regulatory mechanisms related to P. ternata growth and lays a foundation for further research on P. ternata.