Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) requires
the orthodontic forces (compressive and tensile strain) to subject to the
periodontal ligament and mechanosensory cells in the periodontium and to achieve
mechanotransduction by mechanoreceptors. In the context of OTM, a diverse array
of signaling pathways are activated in mechanosensory cells that modulate bone
resorption and formation in in vitro and in vivo models. The
underlying molecular signal transduction, such as MAPK and -Catenin
signaling, that is involved in OTM, has been partially identified. It includes,
but is not limited to genes and proteins which are related to
osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, cementogenesis and
inflammation. However, the interactive relation of -Catenin and MAPK
signaling remains ambiguous and diverse cross-talks are acting with each other.
In this comprehensive text, we review the biology of OTM and reported
experimental results on the activation/inhibition of these two signaling pathways
during OTM. Here, we also focus on the implications and interplays between the
MAPK and -Catenin signaling in mechanosensory cells in response to
orthodontic forces. Finally, the potential of further investigation strategies
aimed at supporting orthodontic interventions are discussed. This review provides
a conceptual framework for more comprehensive knowledge about signaling
interaction during OTM.