IMR Press / RCM / Volume 23 / Issue 10 / DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2310342
Open Access Original Research
Establishment of a Risk Scoring Model for Perioperative Unex-Plained Shock during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for the Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusion
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1 Center for Coronary Artery Disease (CCAD), Beijing Anzhen Hospital, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
*Correspondence: liujinghua@vip.sina.com (Jinghua Liu)
These authors contributed equally.
Academic Editor: Carlo Briguori
Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2022, 23(10), 342; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2310342
Submitted: 4 July 2022 | Revised: 25 July 2022 | Accepted: 2 August 2022 | Published: 11 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intravascular imaging and Cardiovascular intervention)
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Background: Several complications can contribute to the risk of shock during the chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure. However, some patients that develop shock do not exhibit any apparent complications, and few studies to date have discussed the risk of unexplained perioperative shock in patients undergoing CTO PCI. Accordingly, this study was designed with the goal of defining perioperative risk factors linked to the odds of unexplained shock during CTO PCI. Methods: In total, this study analyzed data from 924 patients that underwent CTO PCI without any in-hospital complications from January 2016–August 2021. Cardiologists collected data pertaining to patient clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, angiographic findings, and procedural characteristics. Patients were separated into two groups based upon whether or not they experienced perioperative shock. The relationship between specific variables and perioperative shock incidence was assessed via a multivariable stepwise logistic regression approach. A risk-scoring nomogram was then designed for use as a tool to guide patient risk assessment efforts during PCI procedural planning. Results: Overall, 4.8% of these patients (44/924) experienced unexplained perioperative shock. Independent predictors associated with unexplained shock during CTO PCI included baseline systolic pressure (odds ratio (OR) 0.968, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.945–0.991), baseline heart rate (OR 1.055, 95% CI: 1.020–1.091), baseline hemoglobin (OR 0.970, 95% CI: 0.947–0.994), procedure duration (OR 1.008, 95% CI: 1.002–1.015), J-CTO score (OR 1.521, 95% CI: 1.021–2.267), and use of a retrograde approach (OR 3.252, 95% CI: 1.426–7.415). The unbiased C-index estimate was 0.859, and this model exhibited excellent calibration. Conclusions: The risk of unexplained shock is an important consideration for clinicians performing the CTO PCI procedure. These analyses revealed unexplained shock risk to be independently related to lower baseline systolic pressure, higher baseline heart rate, lower baseline hemoglobin, more procedure time, higher J-CTO score, and more use of a retrograde approach.

Keywords
chronic total occlusion
complication
shock
percutaneous coronary intervention
Funding
81970291/National Natural Science Fund of China
82170344/National Natural Science Fund of China
Figures
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