Dear Colleagues,

Immunopharmacology is a combination of immunology and pharmacology that investigates the cellular and molecular responses of preventative and therapeutic drugs. This discipline is fast evolving and has become a required topic in life science graduate studies. Significant progress has been made in understanding numerous aspects of immunopharmacological targets, both at the cellular and molecular levels. Nonetheless, more has to be learned about immune cell-to-non-immune cell contacts, mediator expression, and their roles in physiology, disease, and diagnosis. Many new therapies have become accessible as a result of significant advances in drug research in recent years. These include vaccines, adjuvants, nucleic acid-based therapies, cell-based therapies, natural chemical substances, small molecules, and various forms of engineered antibodies or antibody fragments. Indeed, to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms in immunopharmacology, more studies into the above-mentioned drugs that modulate immune responses are needed in both preclinical and clinical settings. The aim of this special issue is to attract research studies that have explored novel methods to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in preventive and therapeutic substances in the field of immunopharmacology. 

I invite the researchers to submit original research articles, brief reports, reviews, mini-reviews, and opinions that encompass the following recent advancements:

• Immunomodulators that have the ability to specifically enhance or suppress immune responses. 
• Vaccines and vaccine adjuvants that augment the antigen-specific immune response, resulting in increased protection. 
• Infections (caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or other pathogens) that induce immunological changes. 
• Novel findings in autoimmunity, and potential therapeutic approaches.

Dr. Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
Guest Editor