Background: High blood pressure is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. Kidney damage is one of the most common organ secondary damage to hypertension. The study of hypertension gene polymorphisms is an important means of precision treatment of primary hypertension. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between AGTR1 (c.1166 A>C) gene polymorphisms and hypertension combined with kidney damage, while exploring the relationship between codominant, dominant and recessive gene model and hypertension with kidney injury and the susceptibility of different genotypes to hypertension with kidney injury. Methods: The distribution of AGTR1 polymorphism in the AGTR1 in hypertensive patients (hypertension group, 292 patients) and hypertension with kidney injury patients (44 patients) were detected and compared by PCR-melting curve method. Results: The genotype distribution of hypertension and combined groups met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05); the distribution difference between the three genotypes was statistically significant (p 0.05), the codominant, dominant and recessive distribution frequency of genotypes (p 0.05), and no difference between A allele and C allele (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study identified the relationship of AGTRA (c.1166 A>C) with hypertension combined with renal injury, and compared the susceptibility of different genetic models, which may provide novel targets for precision gene therapy of hypertension. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/indexEN.html; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2100051472.