Submit
Search
Submit
Menu

  • Information

  • References

  • Contents

  • [1]N. H. Cowdry: A comparison of mitochondria in plant and animal cells. Biol Bull, 33(3), 196-228 (1917)

  • [2]M. Schultze and A. Kondorosi: Regulation of symbiotic root nodule development. Annu Rev Genet, 32, 33-57 (1998)

  • [3]W. Schuster and A. Brennicke: The plant mitochondrial genome: physical structure, information content, RNA editing, and gene migration to the nucleus. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 45, 61-78 (1994)

  • [4]V. Knoop: The mitochondrial DNA of land plants: peculiarities in phylogenetic perspective. Curr Genet, 46(3), 123-139 (2004)

  • [5]V. V. Emelyanov: Mitochondrial connection to the origin of the eukaryotic cell. Eur J Biochem, 270(8), 1599-1618 (2003)

  • [6]M. W. Gray, B. F. Lang, R. Cedergren, G. B. Golding, C. Lemieux, D. Sankoff, M. Turmel, N. Brossard, E. Delage, T. G. Littlejohn, I. Plante, P. Rioux, D. Saint-Louis, Y. Zhu and G. Burger: Genome structure and gene content in protist mitochondrial DNAs. Nucleic Acids Res, 26(4), 865-78 (1998)

  • [7]S. G. Andersson and C. G. Kurland: Origins of mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. Curr Opin Microbiol, 2(5), 535-41 (1999)

  • [8]V. Knoop and A. Brennicke: Molecular biology of the plant mitochondrion. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci, 21(2), 111-126 (2002)

  • [9]M. W. Gray, R. Cedergren, Y. Abel and D. Sankoff: On the evolutionary origin of the plant mitochondrion and its genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86(7), 2267-2271 (1989)

  • [10]D. F. Spencer, L. Bonen and M. W. Gray: Organization and expression of the mitochondrial genome of plants 3. Primary sequence of wheat mitochondrial 5S ribosomal ribonucleic-acid: functional and evolutionary implications. Biochemistry, 20(14), 4022-4029 (1981)

  • [11]L. Bonen and M. W. Gray: Organization and expression of the mitochondrial genome of plants 1. Genes for wheat mitochondrial ribosomal and transfer-RNA: evidence for an unusual arrangement. Nucleic Acids Res, 8(2), 319-335 (1980)

  • [12]J. M. Gualberto, D. Mileshina, C. Wallet, A. K. Niazi, F. Weber-Lotfi and A. Dietrich: The plant mitochondrial genome: dynamics and maintenance. Biochimie, 100, 107-120 (2014)

  • [13]A. A. Kolesnikov and E. S. Gerasimov: Diversity of mitochondrial genome organization. Biochemistry-Moscow, 77(13), 1424-1435 (2012)

  • [14]M. Unseld, J. R. Marienfeld, P. Brandt and A. Brennicke: The mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana contains 57 genes in 366,924 nucleotides. Nat Genet, 15(1), 57-61 (1997)

  • [15]S. Backert, B. L. Nielsen and T. Borner: The mystery of the rings: structure and replication of mitochondrial genomes from higher plants. Trends Plant Sci, 2(12), 477-483 (1997)

  • [16]D. J. Oldenburg and A. J. Bendich: Mitochondrial DNA from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha : circularly permuted linear molecules, head-to-tail concatemers, and a 5 'protein. J Mol Biol, 310(3), 549-562 (2001)

  • [17]A. J. Bendich: Reaching for the ring: the study of mitochondrial genome structure. Curr Genet, 24(4), 279-290 (1993)

  • [18]J. F. Allen: Why chloroplasts and mitochondria retain their own genomes and genetic systems: colocation for redox regulation of gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 112(33), 10231-10238 (2015)

  • [19]G. Burger, M. W. Gray and B. F. Lang: Mitochondrial genomes: anything goes. Trends Genet, 19(12), 709-716 (2003)

  • [20]S. Mackenzie and L. McIntosh: Higher plant mitochondria. Plant Cell, 11(4), 571-585 (1999)

  • [21]T. Preuten, E. Cincu, J. Fuchs, R. Zoschke, K. Liere and T. Borner: Fewer genes than organelles: extremely low and variable gene copy numbers in mitochondria of somatic plant cells. Plant J, 64(6), 948-959 (2010)

  • [22]M. Woloszynska, B. Kmiec, P. Mackiewicz and H. Janska: Copy number of bean mitochondrial genes estimated by real-time PCR does not correlate with the number of gene loci and transcript levels. Plant Mol Biol, 61(1-2), 1-12 (2006)

  • [23]D. J. Oldenburg, R. A. Kumar and A. J. Bendich: The amount and integrity of mtDNA in maize decline with development. Planta, 237(2), 603-617 (2013)

  • [24]F. J. Miller, F. L. Rosenfeldt, C. F. Zhang, A. W. Linnane and P. Nagley: Precise determination of mitochondrial DNA copy number in human skeletal and cardiac muscle by a PCR-based assay: lack of change of copy number with age. Nucleic Acids Res, 31(11) (2003)

  • [25]R. A. Kumar, D. J. Oldenburg and A. J. Bendich: Changes in DNA damage, molecular integrity, and copy number for plastid DNA and mitochondrial DNA during maize development. J Exp Bot, 65(22), 6425-6439 (2014)

  • [26]S. Arimura, J. Yamamoto, G. P. Aida, M. Nakazono and N. Tsutsumi: Frequent fusion and fission of plant mitochondria with unequal nucleoid distribution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101(20), 7805-7808 (2004)

  • [27]N. Cheng, Y. S. Lo, M. I. Ansari, K. C. Ho, S. T. Jeng, N. S. Lin and H. Dai: Correlation between mtDNA complexity and mtDNA replication mode in developing cotyledon mitochondria during mung bean seed germination. New Phytol (2016)

  • [28]K. Oda, K. Yamato, E. Ohta, Y. Nakamura, M. Takemura, N. Nozato, K. Akashi, T. Kanegae, Y. Ogura, T. Kohchi and K. Ohyama: Gene organization deduced from the complete sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha mitochondrial DNA: a primitive form of plant mitochondrial genome. J Mol Biol, 223(1), 1-7 (1992)

  • [29]V. I. Negruk, G. I. Eisner, T. D. Redichkina, N. N. Dumanskaya, D. I. Cherny, A. A. Alexandrov, M. F. Shemyakin and R. G. Butenko: Diversity of Vicia faba circular mtDNA in whole plants and suspension cultures. Theor Appl Genet, 72(4), 541-547 (1986)

  • [30]Y. S. Lo, L. J. Hsiao, N. Cheng, A. Litvinchuk and H. Dai: Characterization of the structure and DNA complexity of mung bean mitochondrial nucleoids. Mol Cells, 31(3), 217-24 (2011)

  • [31]D. J. Oldenburg and A. J. Bendich: Size and structure of replicating mitochondrial DNA in cultured tobacco cells. Plant Cell, 8(3), 447-461 (1996)

  • [32]M. B. Sheahan, D. W. McCurdy and R. J. Rose: Mitochondria as a connected population: ensuring continuity of the mitochondrial genome during plant cell dedifferentiation through massive mitochondrial fusion. Plant J, 44(5), 744-755 (2005)

  • [33]A. Kanazawa, N. Tsutsumi and A. Hirai: Reversible changes in the composition of the population of mtDNAs during dedifferentiation and regeneration in tobacco. Genetics, 138(3), 865-870 (1994)

  • [34]D. J. Oldenburg, B. A. Rowan, R. A. Kumar and A. J. Bendich: On the fate of plastid DNA molecules during leaf development: response to the Golczyk et al . commentary. Plant Cell, 26(3), 855-861 (2014)

  • [35]K. Liere and T. Börner: Development-dependent changes in the amount and structural organization of plastid DNA. In: Plastid Development in Leaves During Growth and Senescence . Ed B. Biswal, K. Krupinska &C. U. Biswal. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 215-237 (2013)

  • [36]U. Rauwolf, H. Golczyk, S. Greiner and R. G. Herrmann: Variable amounts of DNA related to the size of chloroplasts III. Biochemical determinations of DNA amounts per organelle. Mol Genet Genomics, 283(1), 35-47 (2010)

  • [37]J. D. Cupp and B. L. Nielsen: Minireview: DNA replication in plant mitochondria. Mitochondrion, 19, 231-237 (2014)

  • [38]S. Backert and T. Borner: Phage T4-like intermediates of DNA replication and recombination in the mitochondria of the higher plant Chenopodium album (L.). Curr Genet, 37(5), 304-314 (2000)

  • [39]D. F. Bogenhagen and D. A. Clayton: The mitochondrial DNA replication bubble has not burst. Trends Biochem Sci, 28(7), 357-60 (2003)

  • [40]F. R. Khazi, A. C. Edmondson and B. L. Nielsen: An Arabidopsis homologue of bacterial RecA that complements an E. coli recA deletion is targeted to plant mitochondria. Mol Genet Genomics, 269(4), 454-463 (2003)

  • [41]V. Shedge, M. Arrieta-Montiel, A. C. Christensen and S. A. Mackenzie: Plant mitochondrial recombination surveillance requires unusual RecA and MutS homologs. Plant Cell, 19(4), 1251-1264 (2007)

  • [42]T. Moriyama and N. Sato: Enzymes involved in organellar DNA replication in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Front Plant Sci, 5 (2014)

  • [43]M. B. Sheahan, R. J. Rose and D. W. McCurdy: Organelle inheritance in plant cell division: the actin cytoskeleton is required for unbiased inheritance of chloroplasts, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in dividing protoplasts. Plant J, 37(3), 379-390 (2004)

  • [44]D. C. Logan: Plant mitochondrial dynamics. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1763(5-6), 430-441 (2006)

  • [45]S. G. Zweifel and W. L. Fangman: A nuclear mutation reversing a biased transmission of yeast mitochondrial DNA. Genetics, 128(2), 241-249 (1991)

  • [46]D. Lockshon, S. G. Zweifel, L. L. Freemancook, H. E. Lorimer, B. J. Brewer and W. L. Fangman: A role for recombination junctions in the segregation of mitochondrial DNA in yeast. Cell, 81(6), 947-955 (1995)

  • [47]J. M. Martinezzapater, P. Gil, J. Capel and C. R. Somerville: Mutations at the Arabidopsis CHM locus promote rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome. Plant Cell, 4(8), 889-899 (1992)

  • [48]S. A. Mackenzie and C. D. Chase: Fertility restoration is associated with loss of a portion of the mitochondrial genome in cytoplasmic male-sterile common bean. Plant Cell, 2(9), 905-912 (1990)

  • [49]V. Shedge, J. Davila, M. P. Arrieta-Montiel, S. Mohammed and S. A. Mackenzie: Extensive rearrangement of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial genome elicits cellular conditions for thermotolerance. Plant Physiol, 152(4), 1960-70 (2010)

  • [50]K. S. Virdi, J. D. Laurie, Y. Z. Xu, J. Yu, M. R. Shao, R. Sanchez, H. Kundariya, D. Wang, J. J. Riethoven, Y. Wamboldt, M. P. Arrieta-Montiel, V. Shedge and S. A. Mackenzie: Arabidopsis MSH1 mutation alters the epigenome and produces heritable changes in plant growth. Nat Commun, 6, 6386 (2015)

  • [51]T. Kubo, S. Nishizawa, A. Sugawara, N. Itchoda, A. Estiati and T. Mikami: The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L .) reveals a novel gene for tRNA(Cys)(GCA). Nucleic Acids Res, 28(13), 2571-2576 (2000)

  • [52]S. X. Chang, T. T. Yang, T. Q. Du, Y. J. Huang, J. M. Chen, J. Y. Yan, J. B. He and R. Z. Guan: Mitochondrial genome sequencing helps show the evolutionary mechanism of mitochondrial genome formation in Brassica. BMC Genomics, 12 (2011)

  • [53]S. X. Chang, Y. K. Wang, J. J. Lu, J. Y. Gai, J. J. Li, P. Chu, R. Z. Guan and T. J. Zhao: The mitochondrial genome of soybean reveals complex genome structures and gene evolution at intercellular and phylogenetic levels. PLoS One, 8(2) (2013)

  • [54]G. Z. Liu, D. D. Cao, S. S. Li, A. G. Su, J. N. Geng, C. E. Grover, S. N. Hu and J. P. Hua: The complete mitochondrial genome of Gossypium hirsutum and evolutionary analysis of higher plant mitochondrial genomes. PLoS One, 8(8) (2013)

  • [55]Y. Sugiyama, Y. Watase, M. Nagase, N. Makita, S. Yagura, A. Hirai and M. Sugiura: The complete nucleotide sequence and multipartite organization of the tobacco mitochondrial genome: comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes in higher plants. Mol Genet Genomics, 272(6), 603-615 (2005)

  • [56]X. J. Tian, J. Zheng, S. N. Hu and J. Yu: The rice mitochondrial genomes and their variations. Plant Physiol, 140(2), 401-410 (2006)

  • [57]Y. Ogihara, Y. Yamazaki, K. Murai, A. Kanno, T. Terachi, T. Shiina, N. Miyashita, S. Nasuda, C. Nakamura, N. Mori, S. Takumi, M. Murata, S. Futo and K. Tsunewaki: Structural dynamics of cereal mitochondrial genomes as revealed by complete nucleotide sequencing of the wheat mitochondrial genome. Nucleic Acids Res, 33(19), 6235-6250 (2005)

  • [58]S. W. Clifton, P. Minx, C. M. R. Fauron, M. Gibson, J. O. Allen, H. Sun, M. Thompson, W. B. Barbazuk, S. Kanuganti, C. Tayloe, L. Meyer, R. K. Wilson and K. J. Newton: Sequence and comparative analysis of the maize NB mitochondrial genome. Plant Physiol, 136(3), 3486-3503 (2004)

  • [59]F. S. Dietrich, S. Voegeli, S. Brachat, A. Lerch, K. Gates, S. Steiner, C. Mohr, R. Pohlmann, P. Luedi, S. D. Choi, R. A. Wing, A. Flavier, T. D. Gaffney and P. Phillippsen: The Ashbya gossypii genome as a tool for mapping the ancient Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. Science, 304(5668), 304-307 (2004)

  • [60]M. Nowrousian, J. E. Stajich, M. L. Chu, I. Engh, E. Espagne, K. Halliday, J. Kamerewerd, F. Kempken, B. Knab, H. C. Kuo, H. D. Osiewacz, S. Poggeler, N. D. Read, S. Seiler, K. M. Smith, D. Zickler, U. Kuck and M. Freitag: De novo assembly of a 40 Mb eukaryotic genome from short sequence reads: Sordaria macrospora, a model organism for fungal morphogenesis. PLoS Genet, 6(4) (2010)

  • [61]Y. Nakao, T. Kanamori, T. Itoh, Y. Kodama, S. Rainieri, N. Nakamura, T. Shimonaga, M. Hattori and T. Ashikari: Genome sequence of the lager brewing yeast, an interspecies hybrid. DNA Res, 16(2), 115-129 (2009)

  • [62]B. F. Lang: The mitochondrial genome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces-pombe : highly homologous introns are inserted at the same position of the otherwise less conserved Coxl genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Aspergillus nidulans . Embo J, 3(9), 2129-2136 (1984)

  • [63]C. Vahrenholz, G. Riemen, E. Pratje, B. Dujon and G. Michaelis: Mitochondrial DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii : the structure of the ends of the linear 15.8 kb genome suggests mechanisms for DNA-replication. Curr Genet, 24(3), 241-247 (1993)

  • [64]S. Ogawa, R. Yoshino, K. Angata, M. Iwamoto, M. Pi, K. Kuroe, K. Matsuo, T. Morio, H. Urushihara, K. Yanagisawa and Y. Tanaka: The mitochondrial DNA of Dictyostelium discoideum : complete sequence, gene content and genome organization. Mol Gen Genet, 263(3), 514-519 (2000)

  • [65]S. Anderson, A. T. Bankier, B. G. Barrell, M. H. L. Debruijn, A. R. Coulson, J. Drouin, I. C. Eperon, D. P. Nierlich, B. A. Roe, F. Sanger, P. H. Schreier, A. J. H. Smith, R. Staden and I. G. Young: Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature, 290(5806), 457-465 (1981)

  • [66]M. P. Bayona-Bafaluy, R. Acin-Perez, J. C. Mullikin, J. S. Park, R. Moreno-Loshuertos, P. Q. Hu, A. Perez-Martos, P. Fernandez-Silva, Y. D. Bai and J. A. Enriquez: Revisiting the mouse mitochondrial DNA sequence. Nucleic Acids Res, 31(18), 5349-5355 (2003)

Article Metrics

  • Information

  • Download

  • Contents

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

1 Jan 2017Review
Plant mitochondrial DNA
Stewart A. Morley 1, Brent L. Nielsen 1,*
Affiliation
Article Info

1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 4007 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA

Abstract

Plants possess mitochondrial genomes that are large and complex compared to animals. Nearly all animal mitochondrial genomes are about 16.5. kbp in length, whereas plant mitochondrial genomes range between 200-2,000 kbp. This is curious if we assume modern mitochondria originated from a common alpha-proteobacterial ancestor. Despite their size, plant mitochondrial genomes do not contain significantly more genes than their animal counterparts. Most of the additional DNA found in plant mitochondrial genomes consists of large introns, repeats and non-coding regions. Furthermore, plant mtDNA does not exist as large circular DNA molecules but mostly as a collection of linear DNA with combinations of smaller circular and branched molecules. Studies into these highly fragmented genomes heavily imply that recombination is the main mechanism driving replication of plant mtDNA.

Keywords

  • Mitochondria
  • Plant Mitochondrial DNA
  • Recombination-dependent Replication
  • RDR
  • DNA Replication
  • Mitochondrion Phylogeny
  • Review

References