The central nervous system (CNS) consists of brain and spinal cord and nervous system is vulnerable to various disorders. It can be damaged by the following trauma, degeneration, structural defects, sleep related issues, infection, etc. World health organization predicts that the neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), sleep issues and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, ADHD, etc will be a global burden in the coming decade. These CNS mainly brain diseases will affect both early and elderly life. Even though, the prevalence of these diseases are increasing and the etiology remain elusive, and the current therapeutic strategies are having less retention and expensive. So there is an urgent need to find out alternative strategies to delay the progression of these diseases. Recently, researchers showing the high attention towards nutritional prospects/benefits towards health and disease maintenance and in line with that, in this special issue, the role of nutrition in nervous system health and disease status will be included along with topics related with ageing, sleep, neuro-degeneration and potential therapeutics through nutrition.