Background: Considering the presence of an inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, anti-inflammatory agents could be an alternative option. The study aimed to elucidate the curative efficacy of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the experimental rat model of endometriosis. Methods: This experimental research included a total of 60 mature female Wistar albino rats (250 \pm 50 g) with no pregnancy. They were grouped as Standard (n: 20), Laparoscopic Pretreatment (n: 10), Laparoscopic Posttreatment (Sham) (n: 10), UDCA-Pretreatment (n: 10) and UDCA-Posttreatment (n: 10). Transforming growth factor \beta1 (TGF-\beta1), matrix metallo-proteinases-2 (MMP-2), Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), Tumor necrosis factor-\alpha (TNF-\alpha) were analyzed. Results: In the UDCA post-treatment group, endometriotic focal volume (43.3 \pm 24.04 mm{}^3) was lower than the pre-treatment values (165.7 \pm 21.7 mm{}^3) (p = 0.005). There was no significant change UDCA group before and after the treatment in terms of MMP-2, TGF-\beta1, TIMP-1 and TNF-\alpha levels (p > 0.05). Comparing the posttreatment values of the Sham srugery group and the UDCA group, while the endometriotic focal volume was 251 \pm 51 mm{}^3 in the Sham group, it decreased to 43.3 \pm 24 mm{}^3 in the UDCA (p 0.0001). Histological scoring decreased from 2.6 \pm 0.51 to 1 \pm 0.81 after the treatment (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The pre-treatment laparotomy group exhibited elevated TNF-\alpha levels, indicating an inflammatory response. UDCA treatment reduced endometriotic focal volume and histological scoring, indicating a potential therapeutic benefit.