† These authors contributed equally.
Background: Many studies have assessed the role of circulating
neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) on the risk of gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the results remain uncertain. Thus, this study aimed
to assess the association between NGAL and GDM risk by performing a
meta-analysis. Methods: We carried out a systematic search of electronic
databases (PubMed, Embase, Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure
databases) to retrieve all related studies. The estimates of standardized mean
difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in a
random-effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using I