IMR Press / RCM / Volume 25 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2503082
Open Access Systematic Review
The Efficacy of Coronary Sinus Reducer in Patients with Refractory Angina: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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1 1st Cardiology Department, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
2 3rd Cardiology Department, “Sotiria” Regional Hospital for Chest Diseases, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
*Correspondence: drtousoulis@hotmail.com (Dimitris Tousoulis)
Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2024, 25(3), 82; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2503082
Submitted: 22 October 2023 | Revised: 16 December 2023 | Accepted: 22 December 2023 | Published: 4 March 2024
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Background: Refractory angina is a frequently encountered phenomenon in patients with coronary artery disease, often presenting therapeutic challenges to the clinical cardiologist. Novel treatment methods have been explored in this direction, with the coronary sinus reducer (CSR) being among the most extensively-investigated. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature for studies assessing the efficacy of CSR in patients with refractory angina. The primary endpoints of interest were procedural success and the improvement in angina according to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) by at least one class. Secondary endpoints were the rate of periprocedural adverse events, the improvement by at least 2 CCS classes, and the mean change in CCS class. A random-effects meta-analysis of proportions (procedural success, improvement by 1 or 2 classes, periprocedural adverse events) or means (mean CCS class change) were performed. I2 was chosen as the metric for between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by the inspection of funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. We examined the risk of bias according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: From a total of 515 studies identified from the original search, 12 studies were finally included for data extraction. Based on their meta-analysis, we observed a high CSR procedural success (98%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 96 to 99%) with a low rate of periprocedural complications (6%, 95% CI 5 to 7%), while most patients exhibited an improvement by at least 1 CCS class (75%, 95% CI 66 to 83%) after the intervention. A significant proportion of patients demonstrated an improvement by at least 2 CCS classes (39%, 95% CI 34 to 45%), with a mean change of –1.24 CCS class (95% CI –1.40 to –1.08). Conclusions: CSR is associated with high implantation success rates and significant improvements in angina symptoms for patients with refractory angina.

Keywords
coronary sinus reducer
refractory angina
coronary artery disease
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