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- Academic Editors
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†These authors contributed equally.
Background: Heart failure (HF) patients in intensive care units (ICUs)
are rather poorly studied based on varying left ventricular
ejection fraction (LVEF) classification. Characteristics and prognosis of
patients in ICUs with HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), HF with
reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
require further clarification. Methods: Data involving clinical
information and 4-year follow-up records of HF patients were extracted and
integrated from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III)
database. Tests were carried out to identity differences among these three HF
subtypes. Prognostic analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis
and Cox proportional-hazards regression modeling. To develop a novel prediction
nomogram, forward selection was used as the best-fit model. Prognostic
heterogeneity of the subgroups prespecified by stratification factors in pairwise
comparisons was presented using forest plots. Results: A total of 4150
patients were enrolled in this study. HFmrEF had the lowest all-cause mortality
rate during the 4-year follow-up, which was significantly different from HFrEF
and HFpEF (Log-Rank p