IMR Press / RCM / Volume 24 / Issue 11 / DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2411317
Open Access Original Research
Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio and Long-Term Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Different Glucose Metabolism Status
Yun Xie1,2,3,†Xiayan Xu2,3,4,†Dongmei Wang5,†Yang Zhou2,3Yu Kang2,3,6Wenguang Lai1,2,3Hongyu Lu2,3Jin Liu2,3Shiqun Chen2,3Junyan Xu2,3Xiaoming Yan7,*Xiaoyu Huang8,*Yong Liu1,2,3,*
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1 School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
2 Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
3 Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
4 School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
5 Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangdong Cadres Health Management Center, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
6 Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
7 Department of Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
8 Department of Cardiology, Yangjiang People’s Hospital, 529500 Yangjiang, Guangdong, China
*Correspondence: yanxiaoming@gdph.org.cn (Xiaoming Yan); 13302521912@189.cn (Xiaoyu Huang); liuyong@gdph.org.cn (Yong Liu)
These authors contributed equally.
Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023, 24(11), 317; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2411317
Submitted: 9 April 2023 | Revised: 14 May 2023 | Accepted: 31 May 2023 | Published: 16 November 2023
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Background: Abnormal glucose metabolism is present in most patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Inflammation is considered to be a common risk factor for CAD and diabetes. Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), a novel inflammation biomarker, has been proposed as a predictor for cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between the level of FAR and long-term mortality including all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, remains unknown in CAD patients, especially those with prediabetes. Methods: We enrolled 66,761 CAD patients from 2007 to 2020 from a multi-center registry cohort study. The primary outcomes were the all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. FAR was calculated using the following formula: Fibrinogen (g/L)/Albumin (g/L). Patients were divided into three groups by FAR tertile (low FAR (FAR-L), median FAR (FAR-M), high FAR (FAR-H)), and further categorized into 9 groups according to FAR and glucose metabolism status (normal glucose regulation (NGR), prediabetes mellitus (PreDM), diabetes mellitus (DM)). Cox regression models and competing risk models were used to examine the relationships between FAR and clinical outcomes. Results: 66,761 patients (63.1 ± 11.0 years, 75.3% male) were enrolled. During the follow-up, 10,534 patients died, including 4991 cardiovascular deaths and 1092 cancer deaths. After adjusting for confounders, higher FAR was associated with increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in CAD patients with NGR, PreDM and DM. The risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was highest in FAR-H with DM (HR (95% CI) = 1.71 (1.58–1.86), 2.11 (1.86–2.38), respectively; p < 0.001). FAR-H with PreDM was significantly associated with the highest risk of cancer mortality (HR (95% CI) = 2.27 (1.70–3.02), p < 0.001). Adding FAR to the original model significantly improved the prediction of long-term mortality. Conclusions: Increased FAR was significantly associated with higher risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in CAD patients with NGR, PreDM and DM. Abnormal glucose metabolism augments the relationship between FAR and mortality. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05050877.

Keywords
fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio
diabetes
prediabetes
long-term mortality
coronary artery disease
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Funding
2020B1111170011/Guangdong Provincial science and technology project
DFJH2020026/Guangdong Provincial science and technology project
DFJH201919/Guangdong Provincial science and technology project
KJ022021049/Guangdong Provincial science and technology project
82070360/The National Science Foundation for Young Scientist of China
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