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Journal of Food Safety and Food Quality (JFSFQ)  is published by IMR Press from Volume 76 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher under the hybrid model (CC-BY license or on a subscription basis), and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement

Abstract

The formation of bacterial biofilm in dairy plant is the main source of milk and related dairy products contamination which is commonly related to improper Cleaning and ­Disinfection (C&D). Cleaning-In-Place (CIP) is the conventional process described to clean and remove on milk residues and bacterial contaminants from dairy processing lines. In this study, effectiveness of 3, 5 and 7 steps CIP protocols was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) mature biofilms formed on stainless steel (SS) coupons. The results revealed that the most effective treatment was the 7 step protocol based on 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) cleaning combined with 3% enzyme mixture at 50°C for 20 minutes followed by 1% nitric acid (HNO3) at 55°C for 20 minutes and completed by 0.5% quaternary ammonium at 25°C for 20 minutes showed a significant difference in the number of recovered cells between untreated and treated coupons with a value of 5.32 log cfu/cm2 which was a very satisfying reduction level followed by CIP 2 with 4 log reduction value and CIP 1 presented by 3.14 log reduction. Even with 5 log reduction, a complete E. faecalis biofilm removal was not reached, showing persistence of mature biofilm to C&D protocols.