Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication and systemic regulation, fundamentally transforming our understanding of cell biology and disease progression. Far from being inert cellular byproducts, EVs carry bioactive molecules—including proteins, lipids, and RNAs—that can modulate gene expression, immune responses, and tissue remodeling. This Special Issue explores the most recent discoveries and provocative concepts redefining the landscape of EV research.

Beyond deepening our mechanistic understanding, the field is witnessing a rapid surge in translational momentum. EVs are at the center of next-generation therapeutic strategies, including cell-free regenerative medicine, immunotherapy, and targeted drug delivery. Clinical trials are now testing EVs in conditions such as osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Engineered EVs are also being developed as customizable delivery vehicles for RNA, CRISPR systems, and small-molecule drugs, offering new possibilities for precision medicine.

Concurrently, bold new hypotheses are challenging the classical views on EV biogenesis, function, and targeting. Concepts such as EV-mediated horizontal gene transfer, metabolic reprogramming, and organ-to-organ signaling are reshaping the way we think about systemic regulation and disease propagation.

This Special Issue brings together pioneering research and forward-looking perspectives that span from EV isolation and molecular profiling to synthetic biology and clinical translation. By spotlighting both foundational science and cutting-edge clinical applications, we aim to stimulate cross-disciplinary collaboration and catalyze the next wave of innovation in EV-based diagnostics and therapeutics.

Enrico Ragni
Guest Editor