IMR Press / FBS / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.2741/S495

Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar (FBS) is published by IMR Press from Volume 13 Issue 1 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Review

Oxidative stress: Major executioner in disease pathology, role in sperm DNA damage and preventive strategies

Show Less
1 Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

 

Front. Biosci. (Schol Ed) 2017, 9(3), 420–447; https://doi.org/10.2741/S495
Published: 1 June 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reproductive biomedicine: from basics to translational outcome)
Abstract

Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in a wide array of diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases, complex lifestyle diseases and cancer. OS is caused by an imbalance in production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses in the cell which results in the damage of cellular components, inactivate essential metabolic enzymes and disrupt signal transduction pathways. OS induces peroxidative damage to the sperm plasma membrane, DNA fragmentation in sperm nuclear/mitochondrial genome and causes dysregulation in levels of mRNAs/transcripts. OS induced sperm DNA damage is associated with male infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), congenital malformations and high frequency of childhood disorders. OS induced pathologies are caused by endogenous and exogenous factors, majority of which, are modifiable. Antioxidant supplementation could help in relieving OS, however, its long-term usage may disrupt the intricate oxidation-reduction balance and can lead to “Reductive Stress”. Adoption of simple lifestyle interventions may relieve OS and can also aid in its management. This may improve overall quality of life (QOL) and can reduce prevalence of OS induced diseases.

Keywords
Oxidative stress
Reactive Oxygen Species
Sperm DNA damage
Reductive Stress
Life style interventions
Antioxidant
Infertility
Review
Share
Back to top