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Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar (FBS) is published by IMR Press from Volume 13 Issue 1 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

1 Jan 2016Review

PAMP-DAMPS interactions mediates development and progression of multiple sclerosis

Norma Y. Hernandez-Pedro 1, Roxana Magana-Maldonado 2, Aleli Salazar Ramiro 2, Veronica Perez-De la Cruz 3, Edgar Rangel-Lopez 4, Julio Sotelo 2, Benjamin Pineda 2,*
Affiliations
Article Info

1 Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Av. San Fernando 22, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico

2 Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Neurology and Neurosurgery Institute (INNN), Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico

3 Neurochemistry Unit, National Neurology and Neurosurgery Institute (INNN), Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico

4 Excitatory Amino Acids Laboratory, National Neurology and Neurosurgery Institute (INNN), Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

 

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease presumably associated with chronic immune stimulation promoted by either pathogens or autoimmune processes. It has been hypothesized that MS could be the result of previous viral infections rendering a permanent immune stimulation that could be triggered by molecular similarities, or by modulating the antigens expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on target cells, which in turn act as super antigens. During immune stimulation occurs the recruitment of immunological cells, resulting in local tissue damage and leading to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which also act as inflammation inducers. Recently, it has been proposed that the association between pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP's) with DAMPs constitutes an additional level of immune regulation. The properties of DAMPs to act as carriers of PAMPs and their role as enhancers or inhibitors of PAMPs could play a role during inflammatory responses triggered by infections. Here, we focused this review in outcomes which support the hypothesis that particular PAMP– DAMPs interactions could regulated the relapse and progressive disability observed in multiple sclerosis.

Keywords

  • Key Words: Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
  • Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Immune Response
  • Inflammation
  • Review

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