Dear Colleagues,

Erythrocytes, commonly known as red blood cells (RBCs), are pivotal in maintaining homeostasis within the human body. Their primary function is transporting oxygen from the lungs to various tissues and organs while carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation. This critical gas exchange process ensures cellular respiration and the optimal functioning of all bodily systems.

In a healthy state, erythrocytes possess a unique biconcave disc shape that provides a large surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating efficient gas diffusion. Their flexibility allows them to navigate the narrowest capillaries, ensuring oxygen delivery to even the most remote cells in the body.

Disruptions in erythrocyte count, structure, or function can result in various diseases and conditions. Additionally, genetic disorders such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia can result in abnormal erythrocyte shapes which reduces their lifespan and impaires their ability to flow smoothly through vessels. These irregular shapes can lead to microvascular occlusions, causing tissue damage and painful episodes.

In recent years, advancements in medical research have led to a better understanding of erythrocyte physiology and their role beyond oxygen transport. Erythrocytes have been recognized as active participants in immune responses, inflammation modulation, nitric oxide delivery for vascular health, and have been implicated in COVID-19. Furthermore, novel red blood functions, blood bank storage methods, and red-blood-cell-based therapies are in current development.

This special issue will provide the most advanced knowledge on the fundamental aspects of erythrocyte structure and function in maintaining health as well as delving into the mechanisms that underly various erythrocyte-related disorders. A comprehensive understanding of erythrocyte biology is essential for developing practical diagnostic tools, therapeutic interventions, and potential avenues for disease prevention. Ongoing research in this field holds promise for improving the quality of life for individuals affected by erythrocyte-related conditions.

Prof. Francesco Misiti
Guest Editor