Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar (FBS) is published by IMR Press from Volume 13 Issue 1 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.
1 Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Although sharing a common conjugation pathway, SUMO1, SUMO2/3 and SUMO4 seem to play preferential roles in the cell. Recently, many regulatory mechanisms contributing to SUMO paralogs specific modification have emerged. SUMO enzymes can discriminate between SUMO paralogs at both conjugation and deconjugation levels. Moreover, many substrates possess characteristics that promote their preference for different SUMO family members. A better knowledge of the mechanisms promoting SUMO specific modification will improve our understanding of the functions of SUMO paralogs in distinct cellular pathways.
Keywords
- SUMO1
- SUMO2/3
- SUMO4
- Paralog specificity
- SIMs
- E3 ligases
- Desumoylases
- Review