IMR Press / FBL / Volume 9 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.2741/1318

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Article
Manganese-dependent protein O-phosphatases in prokaryotes and their biological functions
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1 Environmental Microbiology Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O.Box 999, MSIN: P7-50, Richland, WA 99352
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2004, 9(2), 1382–1397; https://doi.org/10.2741/1318
Published: 1 May 2004
Abstract

During the past decade, numerous Mn2+-dependent protein serine, threonine and/or tyrosine phosphatases (O-phosphatases) from prokaryotes have been characterized. Based on their amino acid sequences, they belong to PPP, PPM or PHP superfamilies. Both the PPP and PPM families of protein phosphatases are metalloenzymes which active centers contain two metal ions that function as cofactors. Results from sequence analysis also suggest that PHP family protein phosphatase is a metalloenzyme. The identified functions for PPP family protein phosphatases from different prokaryotic organisms include regulation of stress-response, nitrogen fixation and vegetative growth. At least one phosphatase, PrpB from Escherichia coli, is also implicated in bacterial pathogenesis. Prokaryotic PPM family protein phosphatases are involved in controlling spore formation, stress-response, cell density during stationary phase, carbon and nitrogen assimilation, vegetative growth, development of fruiting bodies and cell segregation. The function of CpsB, a PHP family protein tyrosine phosphatase from Streptococcus pneumonia, is to regulate biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide, an important virulence determinant. Thus, this group of functionally diverse protein phosphatases plays an important role in prokaryotes. Discovery of Mn2+-dependent prokaryotic protein O-phosphatases and their functions also contributes to new insight into Mn2+ homeostasis and many roles played by Mn2+ and protein O-phosphorylation in prokaryotic cells.

Keywords
Protein Phosphorylation
Protein Serine/Threonine Phosphatase
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase
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