IMR Press / FBL / Volume 9 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.2741/1256

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Article
Neuroimaging of HIV and AIDS related illnesses: a review
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1 Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, The Jacobs Neurological Institute, Physicians Imaging Centers, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2004, 9(1), 632–646; https://doi.org/10.2741/1256
Published: 1 January 2004
Abstract

Neuroimaging technology continues to unfold in a very exciting way, providing almost limitless information about the structural and functional integrity of the nervous system. In patients with an immunocompromised state such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and subsequently developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), neurologic complications represent an important manifestation requiring vigilance. Many of the central nervous system (CNS) disorders related to HIV and AIDS are treatable and without prompt diagnosis and treatment, will lead to significant morbidity or death. Neuroimaging plays an increasingly pivotal role in the early diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of these conditions. The author intends to provide an overview of neuroimaging technology and its applications including various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional imaging techniques in the evaluation of patients with HIV and AIDS related CNS disorders. The role of neuroimaging in this population includes early detection of direct HIV infection, opportunistic infections, neoplasia, or cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, through a wide breadth of imaging techniques, the pathology, neurochemistry and metabolism of lesions can be studied to clarify the differential diagnosis, such as discriminating infection vs. neoplasia.

Keywords
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Opportunistic Infections
Lymphoma
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Review
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