IMR Press / FBL / Volume 29 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2901020
Open Access Review
Machine and Deep Learning: Artificial Intelligence Application in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Plants
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1 School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, 644000 Yibin, Sichuan, China
2 Botany Department, Government College University, 38000 Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
3 Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
4 PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 44000 Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
5 College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100091 Beijing, China
6 College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019 Hohhot, China
7 Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
8 Joint Institute for Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
9 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
*Correspondence: sarazafar@gcuf.edu.pk (Sara Zafar); zuhair@uaar.edu.pk (Zuhair Hasnain); abbas2472@hotmail.com (Manzar Abbas)
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2024, 29(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2901020
Submitted: 29 June 2023 | Revised: 16 October 2023 | Accepted: 10 November 2023 | Published: 17 January 2024
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Biotic and abiotic stresses significantly affect plant fitness, resulting in a serious loss in food production. Biotic and abiotic stresses predominantly affect metabolite biosynthesis, gene and protein expression, and genome variations. However, light doses of stress result in the production of positive attributes in crops, like tolerance to stress and biosynthesis of metabolites, called hormesis. Advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled the development of high-throughput gadgets such as high-resolution imagery sensors and robotic aerial vehicles, i.e., satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. These High throughput (HTP) gadgets produce accurate but big amounts of data. Significant datasets such as transportable array for remotely sensed agriculture and phenotyping reference platform (TERRA-REF) have been developed to forecast abiotic stresses and early detection of biotic stresses. For accurately measuring the model plant stress, tools like Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) have enabled early detection of desirable traits in a large population of breeding material and mitigate plant stresses. In this review, advanced applications of ML and DL in plant biotic and abiotic stress management have been summarized.

Keywords
biotic and abiotic stresses
satellite
unmanned aerial vehicle
smart-phones
artificial intelligence
machine learning
deep learning
plant phenotyping
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Funding
2021YFS0343/The Key Research and Development Projects Science and Technology Department of the Sichuan Province
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