Therapeutic Potential of Dillenia indica L. in Attenuating Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Alloxan-Administered Diabetic Mice

Therapeutic Potential of Dillenia indica L. in Attenuating Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Alloxan-Administered Diabetic Mice

Plabita Sahariah^1,†, Jutishna Bora^2,†, Sumira Malik^2,3,4,*,†, Donkupar Syiem¹, Surya Bhan^1,*, Arif Hussain⁵, Najwane Said Sadier⁶, Sarvesh Rustagi³, Shafiul Haque^7,8,9, Nitesh Singh¹⁰, Abdulmajeed G Almutary^6,11,*

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¹ Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, 793022 Shillong, Meghalaya, India

² Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, 834002 Ranchi, India

³ School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India

⁴ Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India

⁵ School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 345050 Dubai, United Arab Emirates

⁶ Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, 51072 Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

⁷ Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, 45142 Jazan, Saudi Arabia

⁸ Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, 11022801 Beirut, Lebanon

⁹ Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, 13306 Ajman, United Arab Emirates

¹⁰ Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, 122 505 Gurugram, Haryana, India

¹¹ Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia

^*Correspondence: smalik@rnc.amity.edu (Sumira Malik); sry_bhan@yahoo.co.in (Surya Bhan); abdulmajeed.almutary@adu.ac.ae (Abdulmajeed G Almutary)
^†These authors contributed equally.

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2023, 28(5), 105; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2805105

Submitted: 22 February 2023 | Revised: 16 March 2023 | Accepted: 7 April 2023 | Published: 26 May 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Bioactive Molecules)

This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Abstract

Background: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress accelerates the process of apoptosis in tissues. Dilleniaindica (DI) is a medicinal plant, and its fruit contains many therapeutic properties. The therapeutic activity of the Methanolic Fruit Extract (MFE) of DI in attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver and kidney tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic mice was analyzed in the present study. Methods: High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profiling of MFE was conducted. GLUT4 protein expression analysis and lipid peroxidation assays were conducted to check for MFE effect by administering in diabetic mice. An ultrastructural study was conducted for both the tissues. In apoptotic studies, the TUNEL assay and apoptotic protein expression analysis was conducted. Results: High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profiling of MFE showed the presence of two crucial antioxidants, ascorbic acid, and naringenin. In GLUT-4 protein expression analysis, MFE suppresses hyperglycemia by upregulating GLUT4 protein expression. Lipid peroxidation assay showed a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) upon MFE administration in diabetic mice. An ultrastructural study was conducted, and MFE was found to restore cellular alterations in diabetic tissues. In apoptotic studies, the TUNEL assay shows that MFE treatment showed fewer apoptotic cells than the diabetic group. The study also observed decreased caspase 3 protein expression and increased Bcl-2 protein expression. Conclusions: Therefore, it is inferred from the study that MFE can exert a protective effect by suppressing hyperglycemia and modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis in alloxan-administered diabetic mice.

Keywords

Dillenia indica extract

HPTLC

alloxan

hyperglycemia

oxidative stress

apoptosis

Funding

IF140147/DST-INSPIRE FELLOWSHIP

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Fig. 1.

HPTLC fingerprinting of Gallic acid, Tannic acid, Ascorbic acid, Naringenin, Quercetin, and MFE observed at $\lambda{}$ 254 nm. The mobile phase used is (n-butanol: glacial acetic acid: water (4:1:1 v/v/v) (A). HPTLC band chromatogram of MFE of DI compared with standards ascorbic acid and naringenin (B) HPTLC peak scanning chromatogram of MFE of DI compared with standards ascorbic acid and naringenin.

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