Recent Advancements of Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Overcoming Tumor Microenvironment Hypoxia

¹ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

² Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

³ Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

⁴ Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

⁵ Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

⁶ College of Energy Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

^*Correspondence: shengjp@zju.edu.cn (Jianpeng Sheng); shirleybai@zju.edu.cn (Xueli Bai); liangtingbo@zju.edu.cn (Tingbo Liang)
^†These authors contributed equally.
Academic Editors: Yoshikatsu Koga, Kenji Takashima and Takahiro Anzai

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2022, 27(5), 145; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2705145

Submitted: 8 February 2022 | Revised: 27 February 2022 | Accepted: 4 March 2022 | Published: 6 May 2022

This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Abstract

Hypoxia is a typical characteristic of most solid malignancies, which has multiple effects on malignant phenotypes and biological behaviors of tumors including epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), invasion, migration, metastasis, autophagy, stem cell maintenance, pathological angiogenesis, drug resistance, and immunosuppression. Rcentlyumoand reversing the tumor hypoxic environment via nanotechnology has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of malignancies. The main strategies related to nanotechnology to alleviate or ameliorate hypoxic environment are as follows: (1) Bringing external oxygen to tumor hypoxic microenvironment; (2) Generating oxygen based on nanotechnology in situ; (3) Regulating the structure of the tumor microenvironment; (4) Decreasing oxygen consumption in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss these nanotechnologies in detail.

Keywords

nanotechnology

tumor microenvironment

hypoxia

metal-organic frameworks

photodynamic therapy

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