IMR Press / FBL / Volume 27 / Issue 4 / DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2704138
Open Access Short Communication
Pteropine Orthoreovirus, PRV7S (Sikamat Virus) Demonstrates Oncolysis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines
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1 School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2 School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3 Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia
5 School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Correspondence: kenny_voon@imu.edu.my (Kenny Voon)
These authors contributed equally.
Academic Editor: Graham Pawelec
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2022, 27(4), 138; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2704138
Submitted: 23 November 2021 | Revised: 9 February 2022 | Accepted: 12 February 2022 | Published: 20 April 2022
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Background: Oncolytic properties had been demonstrated in Mammalian Orthoreovirus (MRV) and Avian Orthorevirus (ARV). Besides MRV and ARV, Pteropine Orthoreovirus (PRV) is also categorized under the genus Orthoreovirus. PRV7S (Sikamat virus) is an orthoreovirus isolated in Malaysia. Present study aims to investigate the oncolytic effects of PRV7S on ranges of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells through apoptosis in comparison to MRV3. Methods: Non-cancerous nasopharyngeal (NCNP) and NPC cells were infected by PRV7S and MRV3. The effects of PRV7S on the proliferation inhibition and apoptotic activity of NPC cells was examined using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Additionally, western blot assay was performed to analyze the expression of RAS and apoptotic protein. Lastly, qPCR assay was performed to demonstrate that PRV7S and MRV3 replicated in infected-NPC and infected-NCNP cells. Results: The proliferation of NPC cells were significantly inhibited after PRV7S infection in a time dependent manner in comparison to infected-NCPC cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PRV7S infection was able to induce apoptosis on NPC cells at 48 hpi. Western blot results showed that upon PRV7S infection, N/H/K RAS protein expression was reduced, whereas caspase-3 protein expression increased in NPC cells. qPCR assay showed higher viral load of PRV7S found in infected-NPC compared to infected-NCNP cells. Conclusions: PRV7S inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of NPC cells similar to MRV3. Therefore, PRV7S is a potential oncolytic virus.

Keywords
pteropine orthoreovirus
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
mammalian orthoreovirus
oncolytic virus
apoptosis
bat reovirus
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