IMR Press / FBL / Volume 22 / Issue 4 / DOI: 10.2741/4505

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Article

Sphingosine-1 phosphate promotes intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via S1PR2

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1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
3 McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23235, USA
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2017, 22(4), 596–608; https://doi.org/10.2741/4505
Published: 1 January 2017
Abstract

Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a potent bioactive lipid mediator that acts both as an intracellular signaling molecule and a natural ligand of five different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), S1PR1-5. The level of S1P in intestinal tissue is abundant. Previous studies have reported that S1P protects intestinal epithelial cell from apoptosis by activating the ERK and Akt signaling pathways. However, the effect of S1P on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation under physiological conditions and the underlying signaling mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that, except for S1PR4, all S1PRs are expressed in normal intestinal epithelial cells with S1PR2 being the most abundant. S1P dose-dependently stimulated cell migration and proliferation, which were inhibited by JTE-013, a selective chemical antagonist of S1PR2, and by a S1PR2 shRNA. S1P significantly upregulated the expression of c-Myc, cyclin D1, E-cadherin and zona occluden-1 (ZO-1), which was completely inhibited by downregulation of S1PR2 expression with a shRNA. In total, the results suggest that S1P-mediated activation of the S1PR2 plays an important role in regulating intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration.

Keywords
S1P
S1P Receptor
Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Cell Proliferation
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