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1 Jan 2017Review
Identification of natural peptides as a new class of antimalarial drugs by in silico approaches
Ramar Perumal Samy 1,*, Sok Lin Foo 1, Octavio L. Franco 2,3, Bradley G. Stiles 4,5, Alan P. Kumar 6,7,8, Gautam Sethi 7,9, Lina HK. Lim 1,10
Affiliations
Article Info

1 Department of Physiology, NUS Immunology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University Health System (NUHS), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore -117456

2 Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas/Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil

3 S-inova, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande-MS, Brazil

4 Integrated Toxicology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA

5 Department of Biology, Wilson College, 1015 Philadelphia Avenue, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania 17201, USA

6 Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore-117597

7 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia

8 Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA

9 Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore-117597

10 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

 

Abstract

Malaria is one of the most widespread and serious parasitic diseases worldwide. Currently available antimalarial drugs have side effects, and many strains of Plasmodia have developed resistance to such drugs. The present review examines the use of annexins and of natural peptides from snake venom as a new class of anti-malarial agents, with the key property of reducing inflammation. Severe cases of malaria manifest elevated serum levels of liver enzymes, inflammation, fibrin deposition, apoptosis, and reduction in peripheral CD8+ Tcells. The annexin-A1/5 proteins trigger inflammation via increased expression of diverse cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-10), however, by shielding microbial phospholipids they prevent injury via damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we also review an in silico-based bioengineering approach that may allow for a better design, synthesis and characterization of novel peptides from snake venom as a more effective approach to treatment due to their improved antimalarial activity.

Keywords

  • Plasmodium strains
  • Annexin
  • Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)
  • Antimicrobial peptide (AMPs)
  • Review

References