Association of Beta-2 Microglobulin with Stroke and All-Cause Mortality in Adults Aged ≥40 in U.S.: NHANES III

¹ Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China

² Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan

³ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, Hubei, China

⁴ Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Mainroad Shalabyland, 61519 Minia, Egypt

⁵ Advanced Clinical Epidemiology, Medical Data Science Unit, Public Health Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan

^*Correspondence: Xiangbing@wust.edu.cn (Bing Xiang); caojhky2007@163.com (Jinhong Cao)
^†These authors contributed equally.

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023, 24(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2402043

Submitted: 6 August 2022 | Revised: 19 November 2022 | Accepted: 24 November 2022 | Published: 2 February 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiogenic Stroke: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)

This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Abstract

Background: Stroke is the predominant cause of death worldwide. We aimed to investigate the association of serum beta-2 microglobulin ( $\beta{}$ 2M) concentrations with risk of stroke and all-cause mortalities in a cohort study. Methods: Overall, 4914 U.S. adults (mean age = 63.0 years, 44.3% male) were recruited from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES Ⅲ). During a median follow-up of 19.4 years, 254 stroke deaths and 3415 all-cause deaths were identified by the National Center for Health Statistics. The associations of $\beta{}$ 2M with stroke and all-cause mortalities were investigated by using weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results: $\beta{}$ 2M was positively associated with stroke and all-cause mortality in unadjusted models and multivariable-adjusted models. The multivariable HR (95% CI) for stroke mortality in Q5 VS Q1 of serum $\beta{}$ 2M concentrations was 3.45 (1.33–8.91; p for trend = 0.001) and that for all-cause mortality was 3.95 (3.05–5.12; p for trend $<$ 0.001). In subgroup analyses, the association of $\beta{}$ 2M and stroke mortality did not vary by different levels of sociodemographic and general stroke risk factors (p ${}_{\text{interaction}}$ $>$ 0.05). In addition, the magnitude of positive association between $\beta{}$ 2M with all-cause mortality did vary by age, ratio of family income to poverty, smoking status, and history of hypertensive (p ${}_{\text{interaction}}$ $<$ 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that support that $\beta{}$ 2M may be a marker of stroke and all-cause mortality, which provides a new perspective for the study of cerebrovascular health and long-term survival in the future.

Keywords

beta-2-microglobulin

stroke

all-cause mortality

cohort study

Funding

15BSH057/National Social Science Fund of China

Figures

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