Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Treatment

¹ Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, China

^*Correspondence: huipingzhang73@163.com (Hui-Ping Zhang)

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023, 24(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2402040

Submitted: 1 October 2022 | Revised: 5 December 2022 | Accepted: 6 December 2022 | Published: 2 February 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiorenal Syndrome in Acute Kidney Injury)

This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Abstract

Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is often observed in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in the cardiac intensive care unit and is reported to be associated with poor prognosis. Volume disorder or re-distribution, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, and neurohormonal and sympathetic nervous system activation have been suggested to be related to the occurrence of acute CRS. There is a lack of biomarkers that can identify changes in renal function in patients with acute CRS. Evidence-based medications are limited in the management of acute CRS in AKI. Therefore, we reviewed the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and treatment of acute CRS in AKI.

Keywords

cardiorenal syndrome

acute kidney injury

acute heart failure

organ crosstalk

Funding

BJ-2018-201/National High Level Hospital Clinical Research

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