IMR Press / RCM / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2401001
Open Access Review
SGLT2 Inhibition in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction — The New Frontier
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1 Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2 Cardiovascular R&D Centre – UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
*Correspondence: fontes.carvalho@chvng.min-saude.pt (Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho)
Academic Editor: Giuseppe Boriani
Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023, 24(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2401001
Submitted: 29 September 2022 | Revised: 27 November 2022 | Accepted: 2 December 2022 | Published: 3 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SGLT2 Inhibition: New Insight in Cardiology)
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical syndrome with high morbidity and increasing socio-economic burden, compounded by the lack of effective treatment options available to treat this disease. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have previously been shown to improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Recent major clinical trials with SGLT2 inhibitors, both empagliflozin and dapagliflozin, have now demonstrated improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HFpEF and a significant reduction in heart failure hospitalization. Current evidence shows a potential for cardiovascular benefits with SGLT2 inhibition that is consistent across the spectrum of ejection fraction, age, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, natriuretic peptide levels and diabetes status. Although the cardioprotective mechanisms behind SGLT2 inhibition remain unclear, ongoing clinical studies aim to clarify the role of SGLT2 inhibitors on biomarkers of cardiac metabolism, diastolic function and exercise capacity in HFpEF. This article analyzes current clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses and explores the potential cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors, while also looking towards the future of SGLT2 inhibition in HFpEF.

Keywords
SGLT2 inhibitor
gliflozin
heart failure
diabetes
HFpEF
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