Die Pharmazie is published by IMR Press from Volume 81 Issue 1 (2026). Previous articles were published by another publisher under the CC-BY licence, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement.
Indole-3-acetic acid/horseradish peroxidase induces apoptosis in TCCSUP human urinary bladder carcinoma cells
Yun-Mi Jeong 1, Mi Hee Oh 1, Su Yeon Kim 1, Hailan Li 1, Hye-Young Yun 1, Kwang Jin Baek 1, Nyoun Soo Kwon 1, Won Yong Kim 2, Won Yong Kim 3, Dong-Seok Kim 4, Dong-Seok Kim 3
Affiliations
Article Info
1 Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
2 Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
3 Research Institute for Translational System Biomics, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
4 Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea, Email: ds_kim@cau.ac.kr
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) have emerged as a new strategy for cancer treatment. In the present study, we determined the effects of IAA/HRP treatment on TCCSUP human urinary bladder carcinoma cells. It was found that the IAA/HRP combination decreased cell viability of TCCSUP cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas IAA or HRP alone showed no such effect. In addition, the decreased cell viability was restored by pretreatment with ascorbic acid. To clarify the mechanism of death of TCCSUP cells by IAA/HRP, we investigated the signal transduction pathways related to the apoptosis. It was found that IAA/HRP activates p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We further investigated the IAA/HRP-mediated apoptotic pathways and showed that IAA/HRP induces caspase-8 and caspase-9 activation, which results in caspase-3 activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. To further confirm whether IAA/H RP induces apoptotic cell death, we performed a DNA fragmentation assay after IAA/HRP treatment and found that IAA/HRPtreated cells showed typical apoptotic DNA ladder formation. From these results, we suggest that IAA/HRP induces apoptosis of TCCSUP human urinary bladder carcinoma cells via both death receptor-mediated and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.