IMR Press / JIN / Volume 21 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2102066
Open Access Review
Drosophila melanogaster as a model to understand the mechanisms of infection mediated neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases
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1 Department of Life Science, Neural Developmental Biology Lab, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008 Odisha, India
2 Department of Life Science, Centre for Nanomaterials, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008 Odisha, India
*Correspondence: mishramo@nitrkl.ac.in (Monalisa Mishra)
Academic Editor: Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
J. Integr. Neurosci. 2022, 21(2), 66; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jin2102066
Submitted: 4 May 2021 | Revised: 11 June 2021 | Accepted: 30 June 2021 | Published: 23 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation)
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

The innate immune system primarily gets triggered by microbe infiltration, injury, stress, aging, and brain disorders. The hyperactivation of the innate immune system and neuroinflammatory reactions contributes to chronic age-related neurodegeneration. The mechanism for activation of the immune pathway is conserved between Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) and human being. Thus, D. melanogaster can serve as a model organism to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanism between infection and neurodegenerative diseases. In D. melanogaster, prolonged protective, excessive neuroinflammatory responses in the brain lead to neurodegeneration through antimicrobial peptides mediated neurotoxicity. The prolonged inflammation in the microglial cells helps in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, the connection between inflammatory mechanisms in the brain and neurodegeneration pathogenesis in D. melanogaster is systematically reviewed.

Keywords
Neuroinflammation
Neurodegeneration
Drosophila melanogaster
Infection
Microglia
Astrocytes
Figures
Fig. 1.
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