Fig. 1.Metabolic reprogramming in atf4 mutants.
Control (yw) and atf4 (atf4) mutant larvae were collected at
approximately 47–49 h after egg laying. The metabolites were monitored via
liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). (A) The relative
amount of the intermediates of glycolysis. The values of each metabolite were
normalized to the total protein level. (B) The relative levels of the
intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (C) The relative amount of the intermediates of
the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). (D,E) The levels of fatty acyl CoA and
diacylglycerol (DAG). These experiments were conducted in triplicate. Data are
presented as mean standard error of the mean (SEM). p-values were determined using Student’s
t-test. *p 0.05, **p 0.01, and ***p
0.001. Abbreviation: GLU, Glucose; G6P, Glucose-6-phosphate; F6P,
Fructose-6-phosphate; FBP, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; 3PG, 3-phosphoglycerate;
PEP, Phosphoenolpyruvate; PYR, Pyruvate; LAC, Lactate; NADH, reduced nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide; NAD, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide; CIT, Citrate; ISO,
Iso citrate; AKG, alpha-ketoglutarate; SUC, Succinate; FUM, Fumarate; ATP,
Adenosine triphosphate; 6PG, 6-phosphogluconate; R5P, Ribulose-5-phosphate; r5P,
Ribose-5-phosphate; R15BP, Ribose-1,5-bisphosphate; S7P,
Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate; NADPH, reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Phosphate; NADP, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate; DAG,
diacylglycerol.