IMR Press / FBL / Volume 28 / Issue 10 / DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2810263
Open Access Original Research
Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Parameters in Tobacco Substance Abusers
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1 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, 391760 Gujrat, India
2 Department of Pharmacology, Ulhas Patil Medical College and Hospital, Jalgaon, 425309 Maharashtra, India
3 Department of Biochemistry, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, Waghodiya, 391760 Gujarat, India
4 Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, 600130 Chennai, India
6 Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
7 Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 600077 Chennai, India
8 Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, 45142 Jazan, Saudi Arabia
9 Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, 600077 Chennai, India
10 Now with College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
*Correspondence: shilpa.bhandi@gmail.com (Shilpa Bhandi)
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2023, 28(10), 263; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2810263
Submitted: 13 December 2022 | Revised: 12 March 2023 | Accepted: 10 April 2023 | Published: 25 October 2023
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Background: Tobacco use by youth is ever-demanding, and it is increasingly distributed not only in India but also globally. Saliva is a complex oral bio-fluid, freely available, performing absolute tasks for maintaining oral health and homeostasis. It contains a plethora of significant constituents such as proline-rich proteins (PRPs), immunoglobulins, IgA, enzymes lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidases, amylase, etc. The basic ecological balance of the oral cavity is stabilized via salivary clearance by reduced aggregation and adherence of microorganisms by direct microbial activity. This balance of oral activity is also done by indirect mechanisms by immunological as well as non-immunological means and also by effectively regulating salivary pH flow rate. This institutional observational study was planned to assess and compare salivary parameters (pH, salivary flow rate), total proteins, α-amylase, calcium, phosphate, and IgA, of unstimulated whole saliva of both tobacco abusers and tobacco non-users. Methods: The Study consisted of 270 participants (Tobacco habit) group, n = 135 and Control (Healthy) group, n = 135 and were in the age range of 20–50 years. They were assessed for oral health status, followed by the analysis of salivary pH, flow rate, total proteins, amylase, calcium, phosphates, and IgA of unstimulated whole saliva. Results: Comparative evaluation of salivary parameters among groups found that varying tobacco abusers had increased salivary amylase, protein levels, and phosphate whereas decreased salivary pH, flow rate, IgA, and in the whole unstimulated saliva samples than those of non-tobacco users. This difference among groups was statistically significant. (p < 0.05), and calcium levels were not altered significantly. Conclusions: This study concludes that salivary parameters are altered in tobacco abusers when compared to those of non-abusers, and it was more significant in smokeless tobacco abusers than in any other form of tobacco abuse.

Keywords
amylase
calcium
flow rate
IgA
pH
saliva parameters
tobacco abuser
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