IMR Press / FBL / Volume 27 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2703077
Open Access Review
A review of multiomics platforms in pituitary adenoma pathogenesis
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1 Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
2 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
*Correspondence: michael.karsy@hsc.utah.edu (Michael Karsy)
Academic Editor: Graham Pawelec
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2022, 27(3), 77; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2703077
Submitted: 30 November 2021 | Revised: 31 January 2022 | Accepted: 10 February 2022 | Published: 4 March 2022
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Pituitary adenomas (PA), or pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), represent 15% of all central nervous system tumors. Classic description of PitNETs solely by hormonal classification has given way to key transcription factors that play a role in the pathology of PitNETs including steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), t-box pituitary transcription factor (TPIT), and pituitary transcription factor 1 (PIT-1). Germline mutations in various familial PitNETs are discussed including those in familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA), multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), and Carney complex. Recent advances in next generation sequencing have improved insight into the pathogenesis of PitNETs. A review of key studies in evaluating the genomic analysis of PitNETs was performed. Chromosomal mutations, whole exome sequencing, microRNA genomics, methylomics and transcriptomics were analyzed. Moreover, the multiomic analysis of various genomic panels has helped to better understand PA classification.

Keywords
pituitary adenoma
molecular genetics
PitNET
genomics
SF-1
TPIT
PIT-1
Figures
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