IMR Press / FBL / Volume 27 / Issue 12 / DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2712334
Open Access Review
Combined Approaches Leading to Synergistic Therapeutic Effects in Spinal Cord Injury: State of the Art
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1 OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
2 Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
*Correspondence: yana.k-z-n@mail.ru (Yana Mukhamedshina)
Academic Editor: Graham Pawelec
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2022, 27(12), 334; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2712334
Submitted: 19 July 2022 | Revised: 25 August 2022 | Accepted: 30 August 2022 | Published: 28 December 2022
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Cell-based regenerative medicine approaches and motor rehabilitation are currently being used to overcome the consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, their success in preclinical studies does not always translate into successful implementation in clinical practice. Recent work suggests that modern neuromodulation approaches hold great therapeutic promise. Despite these advances, the complete resolution of functional deficits caused by SCI is impossible, especially in cases of severe injury. Therefore, combined approaches based on cell transplantation and neuromodulation are needed to enhance the neuroregenerative effect. The additional inclusion of a dosed locomotor load in the overall therapeutic plan and against a background of combined approaches can have a significant supportive effect. The aim of this review is to evaluate studies that use combinations of different approaches, thereby advancing our current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie their therapeutic effect. This review will consider mostly the effects and limitations of regenerative approaches, as well as the effects of locomotor load and neuromodulation on molecular and cellular changes in the spinal cord.

Keywords
spinal cord injury
cell therapy
locomotor load
neuromodulation
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