IMR Press / FBL / Volume 27 / Issue 12 / DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2712322
Open Access Review
Depletion and Supplementation of Coenzyme Q10 in Secondary Deficiency Disorders
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1 Pharma Nord (UK) Ltd, NE61 2DB Morpeth, UK
2 School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 3AF Liverpool, UK
*Correspondence: i.hargreaves@ucl.ac.uk (Iain P. Hargreaves)
These authors contributed equally.
Academic Editor: Graham Pawelec
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2022, 27(12), 322; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2712322
Submitted: 16 July 2022 | Revised: 5 November 2022 | Accepted: 2 December 2022 | Published: 19 December 2022
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency is broadly divided into two types, primary and secondary. Primary CoQ10 deficiencies are relatively rare disorders resulting from mutations in genes directly involved in the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway, and are not a subject of this article. Secondary CoQ10 disorders are relatively common, and may occur for a variety of reasons; these include mutations in genes not directly related to the synthetic pathway, oxidative stress induced reduction of CoQ10, and the effects of pharmacological agents such as statins. CoQ10 is of key importance in cell metabolism; in addition to its role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, it is a major endogenous antioxidant, and has a role in the metabolism of sulphides, lipids and amino acids. Given its importance in cell metabolism, it is unsurprising that secondary CoQ10 deficiency has been linked with a wide range of disorders. In this article, we have reviewed evidence of secondary CoQ10 deficiency in both common and less common disorders, and highlighted those disorders in which CoQ10 supplementation has been shown to be of significant clinical benefit.

Keywords
coenzyme Q10
ubiquinone
secondary deficiency
heart failure
kidney disease
diabetes
liver disease
neurological disorders
pulmonary disorders
periodontal disease
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