IMR Press / FBL / Volume 25 / Issue 4 / DOI: 10.2741/4832

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Review
The systems medicine of neonatal abstinence syndrome
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1 Department of Pediatrics, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, 37614, USA
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, 37614, USA
Send correspondence to: William L. Stone, Department of Pediatrics, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, 37614, USA, Tel: 423-439-8762, Fax: 423-439-8066, E-mail: stone@etsu.edu
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2020, 25(4), 736–759; https://doi.org/10.2741/4832
Published: 1 January 2020
Abstract

This review will focus on a systems medicine approach to neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Systems medicine utilizes information gained from the application of “omics” technology and bioinformatics (1). The omic approaches we will emphasize include genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. The goals of systems medicine are to provide clinically relevant and objective insights into disease diagnosis, prognosis, and stratification as well as pharmacological strategies and evidence-based individualized clinical guidance. Despite the increasing incidence of NAS and its societal and economic costs, there has been only a very modest emphasis on utilizing a systems medicine approach, and this has been primarily in the areas of genomics and epigenomics. As detailed below, proteomics and metabolomics hold great promise in advancing our knowledge of NAS and its treatment. Metabolomics, in particular, can provide a quantitative assessment of the exposome, which is a comprehensive picture of both internal and external environmental factors affecting health.

Keywords
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Systems Medicine
Neonatology
Genomics
Metabolomics
Proteomics
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Opioids
Newborns
Opioid Use Disorder
Pregnancy
Review
Figures
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