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Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

1 Jun 2016Review

Role of mitochondrial DNA variation in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

Soo Heon Kwak 1, Kyong Soo Park 1,2,3,*
Affiliations
Article Info

1 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea

2 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea

3 Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea

Abstract

Mitochondria are crucial intracellular organelles where ATP and reactive oxygen species are generated via the electron transport chain. They are also where cellular fate is determined. There is a growing body of evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic beta-cells results in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It is also associated with decreased oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation in insulin sensitive tissues. Variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quantity and quality are reported to be associated with the risk of developing diabetes. Arare variant, mtDNA 3243 A>G, is well known to cause maternally inherited diabetes. Common mtDNA variants, such as mtDNA 16189 T>C and several mtDNA haplogroups, are also associated with an increased risk of diabetes, especially in Asians. The variant load, known as heteroplasmy, in a specific tissue is thought to modulate the phenotypic expression of these mtDNA variants. In this article, we review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the association between mtDNA variations and risk of diabetes.

Keywords

  • ATP
  • Beta-Cell Dysfunction
  • Diabetes
  • Heteroplasmy
  • Mitochondrial DNA
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Variation
  • Review

References