Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.
The role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of indirect acute lung injury
, Ying Zhang 1, Yu Sun 11 Department of Anesthetics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, N.O. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
Abstract
Indirect acute lung injury (IALI) manifests as rapid-onset respiratory failure following secondary clinical events to the parenchyma or lung vasculature, such as hemorrhage shock, extra-pulmonary sepsis, trauma, ischemia-reperfusion, and burn injury. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune system of lung diseases. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), one of the well characterized PRRs, recognizes not only the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, but also the endogenous ligands in IALI. In this review, we summarize a variety of reports concerning the role of TLR4 and IALI pathogenesis.
Keywords
- TLR4
- IALI
- LPS
- Sepsis
- Trauma Hemorrhage Shock
- Ischemia-Reperfusion
- Burn Injury
- Review