Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.
, Alberto Mantovani 1,21 IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, I-20089 Rozzano, Italy
2 Institute of General Pathology, University of Milan Medical Faculty, I-20133 Milan, Italy
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines orchestrating leukocyte recruitment in physiological and pathological conditions. This complex system includes 42 molecules and 19 receptors and is subjected to different levels of regulation, including ligand production, post-translational modifications and degradation, as well as receptor expression and signaling activity. Here we analyze the chemokine system, with particular attention to available information on clinical situations in which chemokines or their receptors might assume diagnostic value.