IMR Press / FBL / Volume 12 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.2741/2095

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Article
Neuroprotective effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
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1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
2 Division of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
3 Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2007, 12(2), 712–724; https://doi.org/10.2741/2095
Published: 1 January 2007
Abstract

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a growth factor which stimulates proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells. G-CSF is being used extensively in clinical practice to accelerate recovery of patients from neutropenia after cytotoxic therapy. However, growing evidences have suggested that G-CSF has important non-hematopoietic functions in central nervous system. Recent studies have shown the presence of G-CSF/G-CSF-receptor (G-CSFR) system in the brain, and their roles in neuroprotection and neural tissue repair as well as improvement in functional recovery. The increased expression of G-CSF/G-CSFR on neurons subjected to hypoxia provides evidence that G-CSF may have an autocrine protective signaling mechanism in response to neural injury. G-CSF exerts neuroprotective actions through the inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation and the stimulation of neurogenesis. Moreover, G-CSF has been shown to mobilize bone marrow stem cells into the injured brain improving neural plasticity. In this review, we summarize some of the recent studies on G-CSF and the corresponding signal transduction pathways regulated by G-CSF in neuroprotection.

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