IMR Press / FBL / Volume 11 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.2741/1922

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Article
Gene chromosomal organization and expression in cultured human neurons exposed to cocaine and HIV-1 proteins gp120 and tat: drug abuse and NeuroAIDS
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1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
2 Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
3 Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
4 McDonald Foundation GeneTeam of the Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
5 Comprehensive Drug Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
6 Department of Epidemiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
7 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21287
8 Department of Anatomy, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY
9 School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
10 Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130
11 Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130
12 Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130
13 Department of Statistical Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX
14 Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
15 Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
16 Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2006, 11(2), 1774–1793; https://doi.org/10.2741/1922
Published: 1 May 2006
Abstract

As a model for Neuropsychiatric dysfunction in NeuroAIDS due to HIV-1 infection and drug abuse, we analyzed gene expression in human neurons treated with cocaine and HIV-1 proteins tat and envelope (env). One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant genes among the treatment groups (p ≤ 0.0005). The identified genes were then subjected to a "stepwise" analysis using a repeated measures ANOVA to discover genes with parallel response group profiles across the treatment conditions. These groups were then analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA to assess treatment main effects and gene-by-treatment interactions within groups. One-way ANOVA produced 35 genes that were significantly associated across all treatment conditions. Factorial analysis of each gene found statistically significant differences: 30 - tat, 17 - cocaine, 10 - env, 6 – tat/env, 6 – coc/env, and 4 – coc/tat. Analyses across genes found three sets of four genes, one set of three genes, and three sets of two genes with parallel profiles. Identified genes had functions included signaling, immune related, and transcription control. The genes were not stochastically arranged on the chromosomes, were in proximity to each other, and to other genes involved in neuropsychiatric diseases. We hypothesize that these genes fall in transcriptionally isolated groups and that abused drugs and HIV-1 proteins trigger transcription overload, coerced expression that may result in damage to the chromosome's control and organization of chromatin transcription machinery.

Keywords
Neuron
culture
human
HIV-1
gp120
tat
cocaine
AIDS
Microarray
Gene Expression
Transcription Isolation
Coerced Transcription
Chromosome Damage
Encephalitis
HIV Associated Dementia (HAD)
Affymetrix
Ariadne Pathways Assist
Bioinformatics
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