Arylamines are chemically synthesized and contained in oxidants, epoxy polymers, explosives, fungicides, pesticides, colorants, polyurethanes, and are used in various chemical industries. Many arylamines are present in cigarette smoke, cooking fume hoods, foods, automobile exhaust, industrial sites, etc. Arylamines can be generated through azo reduction by intestinal, skin, and environmental microbes from widely used azo dyes; by reduction of the nitro-group containing polyhydrated hydrocarbons; or by release of burning nitrogen containing organic materials. Some medicines are arylamines. Some arylamines are essential constituents, or the result of abnormal metabolism of foods. Some arylamines are mutagenic or carcinogenic. Arylamines can also cause various diseases. Some arylamine are the major etiological agents of bladder tumors but may induce other types of cancers. The organ, tissue, and species specificity of the arylamine-inducing carcinogenesis may be determined by their availability, distribution, and the presence of metabolic activation/detoxicification enzymes of each organ or tissue of different species. The ubiquitous arylamines, therefore, pose serious hazards to human health and environment. This article will address the occurrence, uses, carcinogenicity, and other arylamines-induced diseases.