Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite (FBE) is published by IMR Press from Volume 13 Issue 2 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.
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Despite improvements in early diagnosis of uveal melanoma, prognosis is still poor due to metastases development. Neoangiogenesis and migration are requisites to metastasis promotion. Cross-talking between CXCR4-CXCL12 axis and the VEGF pathway was shown to favours tumour progression. CXCR4-CXCL12-VEGF expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 53 selected cases of primary uveal melanoma and in liver melanoma metastases. CXCR4 protein was detected in 41.4% cases, CXCL12 in 43.4% cases and VEGF expression in 39.6 per cent cases. A significant correlation was found between CXCR4 and VEGF expression (p=0.011), CXCL12 and both tumour dimension and (p=0.006) and epithelioid-mixed cytotype (p=0.012). The two cases of uveal melanoma liver metastases in our series showed CXCR4 expression, weak immunoreactivity for CXCL12 and absent VEGF immunostaining. These data indicate that CXCR4-CXCL12 axis and its cross-talking with VEGF plays a role in uveal melanoma metastases and may be new prognostic markers in UMM. Moreover, these results suggest that targeted inhibition of CXCR4 could be introduced to control metastasis development in UMM.