Objective: To evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in the management of advanced ovarian cancer (AOC), with a focus on patient eligibility, pre-NACT diagnosis, treatment, timing of interval cytoreductive surgery (ICS) and the target of ICS, challenges in ICS, response assessment, changes in the tumor microenvironment during NACT, platinum resistance. Mechanism: NACT precedes cytoreductive surgery and shrinks tumors, thereby improving surgical success. Findings in Brief: NACT shows promising results for improving tumor reduction rates and improve prognosis. Conclusions: NACT has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for AOC.