IMR Press / RCM / Volume 25 / Issue 11 / DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2511403
Open Access Review
Clinical Decision Making and Technical Approaches in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Procedures: A Step by Step Critical Appraisal of Literature
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Affiliation
1 Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
2 Department of Cardiology, Martini Hospital, 9728 NT Groningen, The Netherlands
*Correspondence: a.h.maass@umcg.nl (Alexander H. Maass)
Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2024, 25(11), 403; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2511403
Submitted: 28 June 2024 | Revised: 7 August 2024 | Accepted: 12 August 2024 | Published: 18 November 2024
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

The selection of an appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) type and implantation strategy involves a myriad of considerations. While transvenous ICDs are standard, the rise of non-transvenous options like subcutaneous ICDs and extravascular ICDs is notable for their lower complication rates. Historical preferences for dual chamber ICDs have shifted to single-chamber ICDs. Single-coil ICDs are preferred for easier extraction, and the use of the DF-4 connector is generally recommended. Cephalic cutdown is the preferred venous access technique, while axillary vein puncture is a viable alternative. The right ventricular apex remains the preferred lead position until further evidence on conduction system pacing emerges. Left-sided, subcutaneous ICD implantation is considered reliable, contingent on specific cases. A meticulous perioperative plan, including antibiotic prophylaxis and an antithrombotic regimen, is crucial for successful implantation.

Keywords
implantation
complications
perioperative
access
Figures
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