†These authors contributed equally.
Academic Editors: Daniel I. Simon and Teruo Inoue
Warfarin is clinically used as the first choice for long-term anticoagulant
therapy, and for the prevention of thromboembolic events. However, when used at
low doses in the long term or high doses in the short term, warfarin treatment
may result in tissue calcifications—such as calcifications in the coronary
arteries, peripheral vascular system, blood vessels of patients with atrial
fibrillation and chronic kidney disease, and vascular valves—and
atherosclerotic plaque calcification. These warfarin-induced calcifications may
affect cardiovascular function and exacerbate diseases such as diabetes and
hypertension. Studies have shown that quercetin, osteoprotegerin, sclerosin, and
sodium thiosulfate may alleviate these effects by interfering in the
Wnt/