IMR Press / JIN / Volume 21 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2103074
Open Access Original Research
Relationship between Apathy and Subjective Poor Night-time Sleep in de novo, Untreated Parkinson’s Disease
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1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 41944 Daegu, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Republic of Korea
3 Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 41944 Daegu, Republic of Korea
4 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Republic of Korea
*Correspondence: ryuhosung138@gmail.com; hsryu@knuh.kr (Ho-Sung Ryu)
Academic Editor: Rafael Franco
J. Integr. Neurosci. 2022, 21(3), 74; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jin2103074
Submitted: 18 February 2022 | Revised: 15 March 2022 | Accepted: 16 March 2022 | Published: 2 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Parkinson's Disease)
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Background: Sleep disturbance is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the confounding effects of dopaminergic medication on sleep are a major challenge in understanding the impact of sleep disturbance in PD. We investigated the sleep disturbance and associated clinical features in patients with de novo, untreated PD. Methods: One-hundred-eight patients with de novo, untreated PD were included. Night sleep disturbance was evaluated using the night sleep subscale of the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease (SCOPA-Sleep). Depression, anxiety, and apathy were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), respectively. Early perfusion and dopamine transporter imaging of F-18 FP-CIT PET/CT were performed together with statistical parametric mapping analysis. Results: The night sleep SCOPA-Sleep sub-score was correlated with the AES (p = 0.014), BAI (p = 0.014), and GDS (p = 0.023) scores. Patients with poor night sleep were more apathetic (p = 0.013). Additionally, there was increased perfusion in the left posterior cingulate in patients with sleep disturbance and apathy compared to those with sleep disturbance only. Conclusions: Night sleep disturbance was related to mood disorders, particularly apathy, in patients with de novo, untreated PD.

Keywords
apathy
depression
anxiety
sleep disturbance
Parkinson's disease
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