IMR Press / CEOG / Volume 50 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.31083/j.ceog5003048
Open Access Review
Detection of HPV Infection and the Current Status of Vaccine Research: A Review
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1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
*Correspondence: popxiang@163.com (Xiang He)
Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol. 2023, 50(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.ceog5003048
Submitted: 29 October 2022 | Revised: 6 December 2022 | Accepted: 7 December 2022 | Published: 10 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Papillomavirus and Genital Cancer)
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Objectives: Purpose of this narrative review is to comprehensively summarize and compare the methods of human papilloma viruses (HPV) detection to provide a reference for clinical selection. And it also concludes the research progress of preventive HPV vaccines and therapeutic HPV vaccines to provide new ideas for the future development of HPV vaccines. Mechanism: A comprehensive search of published relevant articles was conducted. Multiple database were searched including PubMed, SCOPUS, and Ovid. Searches included the key terms: human papilloma viruses (HPV), HPV infection, epidemiology, HPV vaccine, cervical cancer (CC) screening, detection technology. Findings in Brief: HPV is a sexually transmitted virus and also a common cause of female reproductive tract infections. HPV has been reported to be associated with approximately 5% of human cancers worldwide, among which high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection is the most closely related to cervical cancer. The advantages of using HPV testing for cervical cancer screening are the high long-term negative predictive value (NPV), the high sensitivity (90–95%) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or 3, and the significant reduction in CIN2/3 and cancer in test-negative women over long term follow-up. The current detection of HPV infection is mainly for HPV DNA, RNA and oncoprotein, and vrious methods have their own features. Currently, there is no treatment for an HPV infection, so prevention is the key to cancer reduction. HPV vaccine is an important means to reduce the incidence rate of HPV infection and HPV related cervical cancer. Conclusions: With the development of assay technology, assays with low cost, high versatility and operability will be needed in the future. The HPV vaccine, as a primary prevention measure for cervical cancer, has achieved significant results in preventing HPV infection and reducing the incidence of reproductive tract diseases. In the future, it is expected that the HPV vaccine will make significant breakthroughs in the treatment of current HPV infections and cervical cancer.

Keywords
human papilloma viruses
screening
vaccines
cervical cancer
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